ÿWPCù  ‡FúHà ö‘8‡žOFÅב‹B¨Öx^,åµÍ6UW«4Ô&ÂÔCpPwQo-cŒl wZÄ)H5 ´ý“ÖñÒ”w ¯F \À ÿ¯žLÝŒY‚baY gSÑ1 Âþã6ÕÙôZuŒ[Ù òFP±òœ#x-;Oj{HàC{R2p„ÉýxîÚ¸B## ]fóf5¯góSl€ëãaÜ’ ;³ëçà‘¦÷]R-â0)€nÎK¨@ëÕm¦èP‹c“ÙÿÄÖyã2Á>Ž@ ¤qU²v¯Ù“ŽH—0ào¨Ž5Ægø²ÈW. dDJºh}~_Ö)gI¶¨îŸ°ÛA0 ™FVï`ý¿ É´×véêÔ'IDM*© u¢KÀëÖ>JKÈžŸÏÚÙ”‘†)VÜ’;õ©¶¶<°ºŸêËŽf®Ü# \=ÜŒºŠÊNßËVéÔ•Òž/ß–Û¡3ªD‡m[¯Ýà [v6Q,-&ØâoÒFF*¿ëˆÓkèW~{NþVÈnÿ£Y±BI×™£´@DñÕw[Æ«{­üÔ3ÐÚðõ‹6u¹’É^~ÀDP„rÔÏEç¯E úB}H9œNcÜjSƒIb~‰S$# øU N %Q 0öWU NM 0:› 0DÕ  w@! 4a u „ Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š B 0L­ ˜HP DeskJet 540 PrinterDESKJETCÈ ,,,,È 0 (ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX(Î%õ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,ÔÔ..ÔÔ,,ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑTRW\Ï6Á&A4W\Ï6Á&A4Ð6Â&A4Ð6Â&A4TÑÔ"UKú ú úÔ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular(ê(3¤ $¤¤Ý ƒ%õ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÔ..ÔÔ,,ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑTRWlÏ6Á&A43Ø' Ð6Â&ÿA4ÿ3Ø'TÑÔ"UKú ú úÔÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó SPTDUVDWXeYDZÊ[•\•¡Š%hXÔô3|x\ÈH d>c$"Small Circleð"ðà0 àÝ ƒ%õ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÔ..ÔÔ,,ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑTRWlÏ6Á&A43Ø' Ð6Â&ÿA4ÿ3Ø'TÑÔ"UKú ú úÔÝ  Ýñ\ññXñ›ñXññ\ñÔ‡XXXXÔò òÑ7€XXdìdÈ7ÑÓ€Óñ[ñœñ[ññZñÔ% € ÔñZññ\ññ[ñÑTRY 3Ø' LetterWlÏ6Á&A43Ø' Letter Ð6Â&ÿA4TÑñ[ññ\ñ›ñ\ñœñ\ññ\ñÑTRWlÐ6Â&ÿA4WlÏ6Á&A4 Ð6Â&ÿA4 Ð6Â&ÿA4TÑñ\ñà@wwaàð ðIN€THEIR€OWN€WORDS:ðð€TOBACCO€INDUSTRY€DOCUMENTS€à@@aa)aàà@@™ ™ aàà@ @ àà@@™ ™ aàà@@™ ™ aàà@ @ àˆÐ d Ðà@ÙÙ aàAND€IMPLICATIONS€FOR€TOBACCO€CONTROLó ó€ò òIN€THE€SEARO€REGIONó óˆÐ Æb Мòòò òñYñà@aa)aà›ÌñYñ›à@33 aàBriefing€Paper€No.€1€2€(December€1998)€by€Norbert€Hirschhorn,€MDˆÐ . Ê Ðó óóóÔ#†XXXXþ#ÔÔ‡XXXXÔÌà  àThere€should€be€no€illusions€about€the€tobacco€industryððs€single„minded,€overridingÏpurpose:€to€sell€more€cigarettes,€€by€getting€young€people€to€start,€and€already„smokers€to€smokeÏmore.€The€transnational€industry€will€say€and€do€anything€to€expand€their€business€world„wide,Ïinto€whatever€country€it€can,€nothing€else€matters.€This€alone€might€not€be€enough€to€indict€theÏindustry,€but€they€produce€a€product€that€is€addicting,€deliberately€so,€and€simultaneously€one€thatÏis€absolutely€proved€to€be€a€major€cause€of€premature€death€and€disability€around€the€world.€€¼à  à€Dr.€Judith€MacKay€(Chairperson€of€the€Policy€Advisory€Committee€of€WHO„TFI,€andÏDirector,€Asian€Consultancy€on€Tobacco€Control)€has€put€it€boldly:Ìà0  àThe€tobacco€epidemic€is€being€shifted€from€the€rich€to€the€poor€countries,€which€have€littleÏexperience€in€dealing€with€transnational€tobacco€industry€executives€and€lawyers.€€In€theÏfuture,€it€is€likely€that€the€transnational€tobacco€companies€will€become€even€moreÏbelligerent...around€the€world€they€will€continue€to€deny€the€health€evidence,€especiallyÏon€passive€smoking;€persist€in€obstructing€national€government€actions€with€spuriousÏarguments€on€ð ðfreedomðð€and€the€supposed€impact€of€tobacco€control€measures€upon€theÏeconomy€and€employment;€increase€their€marketing€and€promotion,€which€includesÏdonations€to€political€parties,€governments,€sports€and€arts€bodies,€universities€and€healthÏorganizations;€to€sue€individuals,€organizations,€even€governments;€and€to€fight€tobaccoÏlitigation€in€the€courts....€The€tobacco€industry,€like€the€malaria„carrying€mosquito,Ïoperates€across€national€boundaries,€and€a€coordinated€trans„border€approach€is€needed.Ô#†XXXX8#ÔÔ‡XXXXÔÐ Ö$r, Ð(Foreword€to€Ross€Hammond,€Ô#†XXXX7#ÔÔ‡XXXXÔòòAddicted€to€Profit:€Big€Tobaccoððs€Expanding€GlobalÐ 8&Ô. ÐReachóó€by€Ross€Hammond,€published€by€Essential€Action,Ô#†XXXX©#ÔÔ‡XXXXÔ€P.O.€Box€19405,€WashingtonÐ š'6!0 ÐDC€20036.€The€document€is€on€the€web€at€.Ô#†XXXXp#ÔÔ‡XXXXÔ)Ðü(˜"2"" ÐÔ#†XXXX.#ÔÔ‡XXXXÔÌà  àTo€combat€the€industry,€€tobacco„control€activists€around€the€world€and€the€Tobacco„FreeÏInitiative€of€WHO€are€examining€the€previously€secret€tobacco€industry€documents€obtained€inÏthe€course€of€law€suits€to€alert€citizens,€the€media,€politicians,€policy€makers€and€opinion€leadersÏto€what€the€industry€intends€and€how€it€goes€about€its€business.€€Here€are€presented€a€few€samplesÐ æ/‚)< Ðof€interest€to€SEARO,€both€from€the€ñWñindustry€ñWñdocuments€and€from€trade€journals,€ð ðinÏtheir€own€words.ðð€ÌÌINDIAÌà  àMarketing€to€children€is€a€world„wide€phenomenon.€The€industry€says€they€market€onlyÏto€young€ð ðstarters,ðð€but€80„90%€of€adults€who€smoke€ð ðstartedðð€in€their€adolescence.€€AdvertisingÏand€promotions€are€deliberately€targeted€to€youth.Ìà  à1)€From€a€secret€document€discovered€in€British€American€Tobacco€files:ÌAn€undated,€unsigned€and€hand„written€document€describes€€òòProject€Kestrelóó,€a€plan€ð ðto€developÐ ¨@  Ða€brand€which€breaks€the€rules:€to€appeal€to€a€new€generation€and€shock€their€parentsðð;€a€brandÏwhich€would€be€€ð ðcompletely€unconventional...encouraging€their€rebellion,€not€necessarily€justÏagainst€parents...an€alternative€to€drugs.ðð€€The€packet€would€€ð ðreflect€the€durable€youth€valuesÏ[of]€rebellion,€glamour€&€danger,€etc.ðð€by€being€distinctively€òòblackóó.€€On€14€August€14€1997€anÐ Hà Ðembarrassed€BAT€€attorney€claimed€that€ð ðProject€Kestrelðð€was€just€some€marketing€idea€that€wasÏnot€ð ðeven€close€to€being€commercialized.ðð€€Yet€an€advertisement€in€the€Navahind€Times€(Goa,ÏIndia)€only€the€week€before€€for€BATððs€new€product,€ð ðJust€Blackðð€(10€to€a€pack,€affordable€forÏyoungsters)€shows€a€rebellious€€adolescent€school€girl€extolling€the€dangerous€virtues€of€herÏmotorbiking€boyfriend€and€Just€Black€cigarettes.€€In€the€tiniest€print€possible€and€almost€fallingÏoff€the€page€(lower€left)€is€the€ð ðñXñStatuatoryñXññXñStatutoryñXñ€Warning:€Cigarette€Smoking€Is€Injurious€To€Health.ðð.€ÏDetails€and€photos€may€be€found€at€€€.Ô#†XÆXXXÆ‘ #ÔÔ‡XÆXXXÆÔà x àÔ#†XÆXXXÆ(#ÔÐ  !¸& Ðà  àThe€industry€claims€it€is€only€selling€to€adults€who€already€smoke,€to€get€them€to€changeÏbrands.€€Clearly€this€is€nonsense,€they€mean€to€expand€the€market€dramatically€with€new€brandsÏmarketed€to€different€segments€of€the€population,€and€from€cheap€to€expensive.€Those€countriesÏwith€fewest€restrictions€are€prime€targets.Ìà  à2)€From€an€tobacco€industry€trade€journal:Ìð ðWith€economic€reforms€taking€place€and€foreign€influence€becoming€more€and€more€important,ÏIndian€cigarette€manufacturers€are€optimistic€that€their€sales€will€grow€strongly€in€the€nearÏfuture....€With€a€population€of€900€million,€India€is€a€country€of€big€numbers€and€bigÏopportunities.€While€the€Indians€turn€their€attention€to€western€trends,€which€become€more€andÏmore€important€in€the€country,€the€industry€hopes€that€the€global€trend€towards€cigarette€smokingÏwill€establish€itself€within€Indian€society....€€As€a€matter€of€fact€and€apart€from€governmentalÐ ˜00*< Ðpressure€the€world„wide€anti„smoking€campaigns€have€not€arrived€in€India€yet.€Indians€ñXñacanñXññXñcanñXñ€stillÏsmoke€almost€everywhere,€and€cigarette€advertising€often€links€the€act€of€smoking€to€success€inÏlife€or€portrays€young€people,€something€forbidden€in€several€countries€around€the€globe.ððÏ(Tobacco€Journal€International,€September/October€1995,€pp.€16„25.)ÌÌBANGLADESH€Ìà  àThere€is€a€strong€element€of€high„handedness€in€industryððs€the€drive€to€sell€cigarettes€inÏdeveloping€countries,€but€sell€it€will€„€whether€directly€by€export€or€through€licensing,€jointÏventures€or€outright€purchase€of€local€companies.Ìà  à1)€From€a€public€relations€document€of€the€industry€information€organization:Ìð ðGiven€the€difficulty€in€obtaining€qualified€people€from€within€member€countries€to€take€on€suchÏan€assignment,€it€is€possible€that€the€SG€[Secretary€General€of€INFOTAB]€will€recommend€theÏhiring€of€an€additional€Regional€Coordinator.ðð€(RJR€503838766„67,€22€March€1982.)Ìà  à2)€From€a€tobacco€industry€trade€journal:Ìð ðUp€and€Coming:€The€future€looks€bright€for€the€Bangladesh€tobacco€industry.€Good€value€isÏimportant€in€Bangladesh,€where€the€per€capita€income€is€a€mere€USD€220....€Most€of€theÏpopulation€live€day„to„day.€Only€about€20%€of€the€123€Bangladeshis€smoke€tobacco....€TheÏcigarette€market€is€growing€at€6.4€percent€annually....€With€new€joint€ventures€on€the€way,€theÏintroduction€of€new€brands€is€bound€to€follow.ðð€(Tobacco€Reporter,€October€1998,€pp.€148„149.)Ì€ÌINDONESIAÌà  àTobacco€industry€executivesðð€heads€swim€when€thinking€about€the€young€AsianÏpopulation.Ìà  à1)€From€a€CEOððs€briefing€book€prepared€by€Philip€Morris€counsel:Ìð ðChina,€Indonesia€and€India€are€cited€as€the€most€ñXñdesireableñXññXñdesirableñXñ€emerging€countries€to€investÏaccording€to€an€Ernst€and€Young€LLP€survey.€What€are€PMIððs€[Philip€Morris€International]€plansÏwith€respect€to€these€markets?....€€INDONESIA:€Continue€with€our€licensing€arrangements.€LastÏyear€we€recorded€double„digit€volume€growth.ðð€€(PM€2044747411,€24€February€1995.)Ìà  à2)€From€a€Philip€Morris€marketing€briefing€book:Ìð ðIndonesia€is€the€fastest€growing€market€in€the€world€and€already€the€fifth€largest,€and€MarlboroÏis€growing€well€off€a€small€base.ðð€(PM€2048306518,€1€January€1994.)Ð ˜00*< Ðà  àAnd€business€practices€seem€to€require€a€touch€of€ð ðcrony€capitalism.ððÌà  à3)€From€a€Philip€Morris€marketing€survey€of€Asia€and€Australia:Ìð ðIndonesia.€The€key€to€our€success€in€Indonesia€will€be€effective€government€relations.€WillÏRajawali€group€be€able€to€provide€this?ðð€(CD5€2048300197,€19€January,€1993)Ìà  àThe€argument€is€often€made€that€a€poor€country€needs€the€tobacco€industry€for€itsÏeconomic€survival.€This€has€been€amply€ñXñdisprovenñXññXñdisprovedñXñ.€€The€costs€of€illness,€eroded€soil,€loss€ofÏnutritious€crops,€more€than€make€up€for€any€short„term€economic€gains.€Even€economists€at€theÏWorld€Bank€have€come€to€realize€this.€€Nonetheless,€the€argument€is€often€persuasive€toÏMinisters€of€Finance.Ìà  à4)€From€a€public€relations€firm,€Burson„Marsteller:Ìð ðWorld„wide,€there€are€an€estimated€139€million€people€around€the€globe€dependent€for€a€livingÏon€the€income€derived€from€tobacco,€of€which€88€million€are€in€Asia,€15€million€in€IndonesiaÏalone.ðð€(PM€2501285011,€30€June€1993.)ÌÌTHAILANDÌà  àOne€technique€the€industry€employs€is€to€screen€and€recruit€those€scientists€who€are€notÏknown€to€be€anti„smoking,€particularly€around€the€issue€of€second€hand€smoke€(environmentalÏtobacco€smoke).€€These€consultants€then€testify€at€legislatures,€present€papers€in€scientificÏgatherings,€speak€to€the€press;€and€thus€lend€an€air€of€legitimacy€to€the€false€industry€claim€thatÏETS€has€no€impact€on€the€health€of€non„smokers,€women€and€children€in€particular.Ìà  à1)€From€the€ð ðASIA€ETS€CONSULTANT€STATUS€REPORTððÌà  àð ðBy€the€time€of€our€October€meeting,€we€had€recruited€a€total€of€seven€consultants€inÏthree€markets€„„€Drs.€Reverenic€and€Somera€in€the€Philippines,€Drs.€Liao€and€Bacon„shone€inÏHong€Kong,€Drs.€Kim€and€Roh€in€Korea€and€Dr.€Wongphanich€in€Thailand....€Our€consultingÏrelationship€with€Dr.€Wongphanich€was€agreed€to€because€of€her€position€as€president€of€theÏAsian€Association€of€Occupational€Health€and€her€potential,€partly€ñXñasañXññXñas€ñXññXñ€añXñ€consequence€of€thatÏposition,€to€support€our€activities€in€the€Asia€region.ðð€(PM€2500048978,€14€February€1990.)Ìà  àWhen€accurate€survey€data€are€obtained,€they€can€be€used€to€reveal€the€industryððsÏuntruths.Ìà  à2)€From€ñXñañXñ€dissident,€minority€Philip€Morris€stockholderððs€resolution,€ð ðDomestic€andÏForeign€Lobbyingðð:Ð ˜00*< Ðð ðThe€US€tobacco€industry,€including€our€company,€has€lobbied€to€open€markets€in€foreignÏcountries,€especially€in€Asia,€to€U.S.€brands€[under€Section€301€of€the€1974€Trade€Act]....€PartÏof€the€resulting€trade€agreement€allows€our€company€broad€advertising€rights€with€little€or€noÏwarnings,€with€much€of€this€advertising€impacting€women€and€children.€Since€the€opening€ofÏthese€markets,€smoking€our€companyððs€products€has€increased€dramatically.€From€1985„87,€theÏpercentage€of€teenagers€smoking€in€Taiwan€increased€from€26%€to€53%€for€males€and€less€thanÏ1%€to€13%€for€females,€with€the€brand€of€choice€being€Marlboro.ðð€(CD5€2500021899,€aboutÏ1989.)Ìà  à3)€From€Philip€Morris€counsel€on€the€same€subject€in€preparation€for€law€suits€filedÏagainst€the€industry€in€California€and€New€York:Ìð ðSection€301€countries.€Introduction€of€U.S.€cigarettes€in€Japan,€South€Korea,€Taiwan€andÏThailand,€along€with€limited€advertising€(except€Taiwan),€has€not€resulted€in€increased€smokingÏin€those€countries.ðð€(PM€2022816123,€27€October€1993.)ÌÌÔ% € ÔSRI€LANKAÌà  àIn€every€country,€tobacco€companies€claim€to€be€ð ðgood€corporate€citizens,ðð€buying€goodÏwill€by€donations€to€the€arts,€community€groups,€and€farmers.Ìà  à1)€Ô‡XÆXXXÆÔFrom€ñXñañXñ€tobacco€industry€journal:Ð Pè" ÐThe€Ceylon€Tobacco€Company€(ñXñañXñ€BAT€subsidiary)€claim€to€be€helping€farmers€combat€soilÏerosion€even€in€non„tobacco€agriculture.€The€industry€pointedly€reminds€readers€that€ð ðCeylonÏTobacco€is€the€largest€single€contributor€to€the€national€exchequer€and€the€largest€employer€ofÏmanpower.ðð€òò(óóTobacco€Journal€Internationalòò€óóSeptember„October€1998,€pp.€63„64.)Ð ð#ˆ* Ðà  àNonetheless,€the€main€object€of€the€tobacco€businesñPñs€is€to€señPññQññPñelñPññQññRñll€more€and€more€cigarettesñRññUñ,Ïin€particular€to€young€people€to€get€them€started€on€ñUññXññUñañUññXññUñ€lifetime€of€smokingñUññRñ.ñRñÌÔ#†XÆXXXÆ&2#ÔÔ‡XÆXXXÆÔñSñà  àñSñ2)€From€ñXñañXñ€new€exposeðð€of€the€industryððs€tactics€internationally:Ð ((À!0 ÐñTñà  àñTñIn€Sri€Lanka€BAT€sponsors€lavish€discos€at€which€nubile€ð ðgolden€girlsðð€hand€out€free€cigarettes;ÏBAT€circumvents€the€ban€on€radio€advertising€by€underwriting€contests€aimed€at€teens.€(Ô#†XÆXXXÆF5#ÔÔ‡XÆXXXÆÔòòAddictedÐ ø*$4 Ðto€Profit:€Big€Tobaccoððs€Expanding€Global€Reachóó€by€Ross€Hammond,€published€by€EssentialÐ `,ø%6 ÐAction,Ô#†XÆXXXÆ×6#Ô€P.O.€Box€19405,€Washington€DC€20036.€The€document€is€on€the€web€atÐ È-`'8 Ð.Ô‡XÆXXXÆÔñVñÐ ˜00*< ÐñVñÔ#†XÆXXXÆ.8#