Chapter 10 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),

emphysema, and other lung disease

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Smoking is a risk factor for active tuberculosis in British, but not American, studies.

John Slade, M.D.

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"Smokers suffer more - and more severe - respiratory infections than do nonsmokers.

In one study, college students who smoked had more coughs, more acute and chronic

phlegm production, more wheezing and more lower respiratory tract symptoms with

their colds. Pneumonia is not only more common, but much more likely to be fatal

among smokers of any age. Among high-risk or medically compromised adults, the

risk of pneumococcal infection is approximately four times as high among those who

smoke. Among pregnant women who contract pneumonia, those who smoke more

than 10 cigarettes per day are more likely to have an adverse outcome (defined as

maternal-fetal death, preterm delivery, fetal death and early miscarriage)."

Cigarettes, p. 10

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in

the US, with a mortality of more than 90,000 in 1991. Almost 13 million Americans

are diagnosed with COPD, probably an underestimate, and the annual cost in direct

and indirect medical expenses for the disease is more than $12 billion.

Journal of the American Medical Association, November 16, 1994, p. 1539

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Thursday, July 06, 2000

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