Chapter 11 Other health problems

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Other health problems: Fractures

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Giving up cigarettes for seven to ten days after an operation can significantly reduce

post-surgical complications.

U.S. News and World Report, April 24, 1995, p. 70

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It takes an average of 39 weeks for a bone fracture to heal in a smoker, compared to

21 weeks in a nonsmoker.

Health, September 1995, p. 16

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Smoking is consistently associated with increased risk of vertebral fractures.

JAMA, December 20, 1995, p. 1834

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Smokers are four times more likely than nonsmokers to require surgery to fuse the

spine, particularly for problems of the lower back. The time for healing after spinal

fusion surgery was much slower for smokers, and the surgery complication rate was

higher. Tobacco use leads to bone weakening and a diminution of the production of

new, healthy bone cells.

Reuters Health eLine, July 1997

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Thursday, July 06, 2000

Page 12 of 32

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