Chapter 14 Pregnancy and fertility

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In a study from Norway, smoking adversely affected lactation and breast feeding. 90%

of non-smoking mothers continued breast feeding for at least three months compared

to 65% of the smoking mothers; more of the latter group said that they stopped breast

feeding early because of "too little milk." Also, 40% of the babies with smoking

mothers had infantile colic, compared with 26% of babies of the non-smoking

mothers.

JAMA, January 6, 1989, p. 42

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Smoking during pregnancy accounts for 14% of preterm deliveries and up to 30% of

low-birth weight babies. It is also responsible for 4600 infant deaths each year.

American Medical News, July 4, 1994, p. 14

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Cigarettes may actually be worse for a fetus than cocaine; both decrease blood flow

to the fetus and deprive it of oxygen and nutrition. Many of the bad things attributed to

cocaine, like low birth weight, behavior problems, and learning difficulties, are exactly

the same things associated with cigarette smoking, a habit that is acknowledged by

up to 85% of crack cocaine users.

JAMA, February 23, 1994, p. 576

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In 1991, North Carolina began a new campaign to reduce infant mortality. Brochures

and posters warned pregnant women about alcohol and illicit drugs, but warnings

about the hazards of smoking were conspicuously absent. State funding for the

educational materials was granted only with the provision that not one word about

smoking be included. The health authorities ultimately had to choose between

publishing the censored materials or not publishing anything at all. The state has the

second highest infant mortality rate in the country, and is also the number one tobacco

producing state, growing 40% of the nation's crop.

JAMA, December 25, 1991, p. 3399

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Thursday, July 06, 2000

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