Chapter 14 Pregnancy and fertility

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In surveys of smoking during pregnancy in 1967 and again in 1980, the percentage of

smokers in married pregnant women with more than 16 years of education (college

graduate) dropped from 34 to 11 percent. In the group with less than a high school

education, smoking rates decreased from 48 to only 43 percent.

American Journal of Public Health, July 1987, p. 823

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In 1989, the prevalence of smoking among college educated pregnant women was

5%, while that among pregnant women without a high school diploma was 42%. There

is a 25 to 50 percent higher fetal and infant death rate among women who continue to

smoke.

Tobacco Use, p. 27

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Maternal smoking is responsible for 14% of all premature births in the United States;

the risk for early labor and delivery is increased by one-third to one-half if the mother is

a smoker.

American Journal of Diseases of Children, June 1981, p. 501

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In 1989, 19% of all women who gave birth reported tobacco use during pregnancy.

Mothers whose prenatal care was poor or inadequate were twice as likely to be

smokers (32% versus 16%). Among mothers with less than a high school education,

41 to 46% were smokers (even higher among white women, 44 to 48%). Only 5% of

mothers who were college graduates were smokers during pregnancy.

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 1990

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Unmarried pregnant white women are 40% more likely to smoke than their married

pregnant counterparts.

JAMA, January 6, 1989, p. 70

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