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The Tobacco Reference Guide
by David Moyer, MD.


Chapter 17 Smokeless Tobacco

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Smokeless Tobacco: Low nicotine starter products and

"graduated nicotine delivery"

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UST distributes free samples of low nicotine-delivery brands of moist snuff and

instructs its representatives not to distribute free samples of higher nicotine-delivery

brands. The low nicotine-delivery brands account for 47 percent of UST's advertising

dollars, but for only 2 percent of the market share. In contrast, Copenhagen, the

highest nicotine-delivery brand, had only 1 percent of the advertising expenditures, but

50 percent of the market share. This advertising focus is indicative of UST's

"graduation process" of starting new smokeless tobacco product users on low

nicotine-delivery brands and having them graduate to higher nicotine-delivery brands

as a method for recruiting new, younger users.

Federal Register, August 11, 1995, p. 41331

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"The marketing strategy soon became clear. In 1983, UST concentrated nearly half of

its advertising budget on its starter brand of smokeless tobacco, called Skoal, which

provided the lowest dose of nicotine to the new, intolerant users. Despite the high

level of advertising, Skoal accounted for only 2% of the market share by weight. In

contrast, Copenhagen, the UST brand with the highest nicotine content, received only

about 1% of the advertising budget but commanded half of the market. UST was

seemingly successful in attracting users to Skoal and then, after nicotine tolerance

and dependence on smokeless tobacco developed, moving users up to products with

the highest nicotine content."

Journal of Pediatrics, April 1997, pp. 521-22 (David Kessler)

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"Cherry Skoal is for somebody who likes the taste of candy, if you know what I mean."

former US Tobacco sales representative (Tobacco Control, Autumn 1997, p. 249)

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Control of pH is an important means by which manufacturers of smokeless tobacco

control the speed of nicotine delivery of their products.

Tobacco Control, autumn 1997, p. 224

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Thursday, July 06, 2000 Page 20 of 30

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