| UICC GLOBALink Presents... |
|
The Tobacco Reference Guide |
| by David Moyer, MD. |
| | Chapter 17 Smokeless Tobacco |
| | tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour |
| | Smokeless Tobacco: Low nicotine starter products and |
| | "graduated nicotine delivery" |
| | globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
| | "...manufacturers of moist snuff may have a strategy of marketing starter brands |
| | (Skoal Bandits and Hawken) that establish the initial nicotine dependence of young |
| | people. With time, the dependence increases and, eventually, the young snuff user |
| | may switch to products with medium (Skoal, Fine Cut) and eventually high |
| | (Copenhagen, Kodiak) nicotine delivery, becoming thereby strongly dependent on |
| | nicotine." |
| | Tobacco Control, Spring 1995, p. 62 |
| | tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| | Tobacco companies control nicotine doses delivered in smokeless tobacco by |
| | manipulation of pH. Free nicotine per gram ranges from a low of 0.53 for the "starter |
| | product" Skoal Bandits Wintergreen to a high of 9.03 for Copenhagen Snuff. |
| | Tobacco Control, Spring 1995, p. 59 |
| | tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| | The FDA learned that manufacturers of smokeless tobacco adjust the pH of their |
| | products to produce intentionally graduated nicotine deliveries. The industry's "starter" |
| | products for new users have a low pH and consequently deliver a low lever of "free" |
| | nicotine, limiting the absorption of the compound in the mouth. Smokeless-tobacco |
| | products intended for users who have already acquired a tolerance to nicotine have a |
| | high pH and consequently deliver a high level of free nicotine, increasing the amount |
| | of nicotine available for absorption. Indeed, internal documents from the United States |
| | Tobacco Company, the nation's largest smokeless tobacco manufacturer, refer to an |
| | explicit "graduation process" designed to encourage users to progress from |
| | low-nicotine brands to high-nicotine ones. |
| | Quote from NEJM, September 26, 1996, p. 990 |
| | tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| | tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour |
| | Thursday, July 06, 2000 | Page 21 of 30 |
| | globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
Last page of this chapter Copyright (©) 2000 - David Moyer - published on UICC GLOBALink |