Chapter 19 Tobacco ingredients, additives, and radioactivity

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About 76% of black smokers choose menthol brands compared to 23% of white

smokers. Menthol brands are associated with higher cotinine levels and carbon

monoxide concentrations, and appear to be associated with increased health risks

compared to non-menthol brands.

Chest, November 1996, p. 1194

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Tobacco manufacturers add ammonia compounds to "liberate free nicotine from the

blend, which is associated with increases in impact and 'satisfaction' reported by

smokers."

NEJM, September 26, 1996, p. 990

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Ammonia, acetaldehyde, glycerin, and propylene glycol in cigarettes increase the rate

and amount of nicotine getting to and enhancing its effects on the brain.

British Medical Journal, January 13, 1996, p. 112

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Liggett documents include a list of insecticides, fertilizers and additives that Liggett

found in its products before 1969, including arsenic, DDT, and toxaphene (also known

as toxokil). A 1958 entry also lists the insecticide Endrin, which the document calls

"highly toxic." Federal guidelines cited in the log said that products for human

consumption could not contain one part per million (ppm) of Endrin; cigarettes tested

had 55ppm in the tobacco and 10ppm in the smoke. The EPA later banned Endrin.

Contra Costa (Ca.) Times, April 11, 1997, p. B2 (from the Washington Post, John

Schwartz)

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Thursday, July 06, 2000

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