Chapter 20 Nicotine and Addiction

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Nicotine and Addiction: General

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A 1972 internal memo by a Philip Morris scientist contended, "no one has ever

become a cigarette smoker by smoking cigarettes without nicotine." That was proved

when the company unsuccessfully introduced the nearly nicotine-free Next. The

industry claimed that smokers turn away from such cigarettes because they lack

"taste" or "flavor." But researchers say that these cigarettes taste no different; they

merely lack the kick that nicotine provides.

Time, April 18, 1994, p. 61, and Journal of the National Cancer Institute, January

17, 1990, p. 89

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Chewing tobacco, pipe, and cigar smoke is alkaline, and nicotine is absorbed

through the oral mucosa or mouth without inhaling. However, cigarette flue-cured

tobacco is slightly acid, and must be inhaled for nicotine to be absorbed because only

in the lungs will the acid smoke be converted to alkaline. Cigarette tobacco is not only

milder but more addictive then other tobaccos because of increased absorption of

nicotine.

Advertising, the Uneasy Persuasion, p. 185

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Pipe and cigar smoke is alkaline, and is absorbed through the mucous membranes of

the mouth. The alkalinity makes the smoke irritating and deters inhalation. In contrast,

cigarette smoke is slightly acid, is not absorbed from the mouth, and must be inhaled

for the acidity to neutralized in the lungs and nicotine absorption to occur. The journey

from lungs to brain takes seven seconds, where virtually all the delivered nicotine is

taken up.

Science 80, September 1980, p. 40

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Airline pilots are permitted to smoke, even though passengers cannot. The FAA

maintains this policy not because smoking makes pilots more alert, but because

nicotine withdrawal might cause mental impairment. Contrary to the myth that smoking

enhances alertness and performance, nicotine withdrawal is responsible for dramatic

mental dysfunction.

Reader's Digest, March 1995, p. 129

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Thursday, July 06, 2000

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