Chapter 27 International

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International: India and Bangladesh

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Bidis consist of a small amount of tobacco (0.2-0.3 grams) wrapped in a temburni leaf

and tied with a small string. Their tar and carbon monoxide are similar to

manufactured cigarettes. About 675 billion bidis are smoked each year in India, 50

billion in Bangladesh, and 25 billion in other countries in the region. Smokers in India

consume eight times more bidis than manufactured cigarettes, and in Bangladesh,

nearly four times more.

Tobacco or Health: a Global Status Report, World Health Organization, 1997, pp. 7

and 20

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"In India, tobacco is available in more than a dozen forms: cigarette, cigar, pipe,

cheroor, bidi, chutta, dhumti, chilum, and hookah (all consumed by smoking); chewing

tobacco, sometimes in the form of betel quid (tobacco mixed with lime and areca nut,

rolled in a betel leaf); snuff; mishri; and tobacco toothpaste." Among smokers, the

majority smoke hand rolled bidis, not cigarettes. About 40% of consumption is in the

form of smokeless tobacco.

Smoke and Mirrors, p. 230, and Abstract OS 186, 10th World Conference on

Tobacco or Health, Beijing, 1997

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Betel quid, or pan, chewing is common in India and Southeast Asia. The ingredients

are tobacco, areca nuts, and slaked lime wrapped in a betel leaf.

Tobacco or Health: a Global Status Report, 1997, p. 8

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In 1985-6, 45% of men and 7% of women aged 25-64 years smoked in Delhi, urban

India. Lack of education was the strongest risk factor for smoking: men with no

education were 1.8 times more likely to be smokers than those with college

education, and women with no education were 3.7 times more likely. There are two

subpopulations of smokers in India: the affluent, white collar cigarette smoker and the

less affluent labourer who smokes bidi and chutta.

British Medical Journal, June 22, 1996, p. 1579

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Monday, July 24, 2000

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