Chapter 9 Cardiovascular Disease

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A study from Wake Forest University of 10,900 people investigated risk factors for

atherosclerosis. Smokers had a 50% increase in the rate of plaque accumulation in

the carotid arteries, former smokers a 25% increase, and those exposed to

environmental tobacco smoke a 20% increase. Each millimeter of increase in the

intimal-medial thickness increases the risk of an acute coronary event by 2.14 times.

The risk was even greater for people with hypertension or diabetes. The thickness of

the carotid artery walls was measured with ultrasound. The fact that pack years of

smoking, but not current versus past smoking, was associated with the progression of

atherosclerosis suggested that some adverse cardiovascular effects of smoking may

be cumulative and irreversible.

Journal of the American Medical Association, January 14, 1998, pp. 119-124

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In a study of carotid artery thickness, environmental tobacco smoke had about 34% of

the impact on atherosclerotic progression that occurs with active smoking, a finding

compatible with the relative risk of 1.3 found in epidemiologic studies.

Journal of the American Medical Association, January 14, 1998, p. 158

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A study from Greece showed that both active and passive smoking is associated with

an acute deterioration, maintained for at least 20 minutes, of the elasticity of the

aorta. This deterioration of aortic function and performance adversely influences

coronary artery blood flow, and could also compromise left ventricular function.

Annals of Internal Medicine, March 15, 1998, pp. 426-434

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Thursday, July 06, 2000

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